SEC Orders FINRA to Raise Its Arbitration Forum Gate For Expungements (BrokeAndBroker.com Blog)
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Commission Statement on the Passing of Former Chairman Harvey Pitt (SEC)
SEC Settles IIIicit Trading Case Against Two Former Registered Representatives (SEC Release)
SEC Charges RTW Investments for Failing to Disclose SPAC-Related Conflicts of Interest (SEC Release)
SEC Denies Whistleblower Award to Joint Claimants
Order Determining Whistleblower Award Claim
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Report on Use of 2022 Fine Monies (FINRA)
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Will being a law clerk for a judge become pretty difficult now that every citation generated by ChatGPT needs to be checked to see if the case even exists?
ChatGPT
As an AI language model, I don't have real-time information or insights into specific developments in the legal field after my knowledge cutoff in September 2021. Therefore, I cannot provide a definitive answer regarding any changes in the process of verifying citations for legal cases.
However, it's important to note that while AI models like ChatGPT can generate responses based on patterns in training data, they should not be considered a reliable source of legal information. Citations and legal research should be thoroughly checked and verified using trusted legal databases and resources, even if they are generated by an AI system. Legal professionals, such as law clerks, play a critical role in conducting comprehensive research, analyzing cases, and ensuring the accuracy of legal citations.
It is possible that the use of AI tools may introduce some changes in legal research and the verification process, but the specific impact may vary depending on the jurisdiction, court rules, and individual judge's preferences. It's always best to stay updated with any changes in legal practices and guidelines set by the court or relevant legal authorities.
Not surprisingly, Judge Brantley Starr of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas just implemented this at https://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judge/judge-brantley-starr:
Mandatory Certification Regarding Generative Artificial Intelligence
All attorneys appearing before the Court must file on the docket a certificate attesting either that no portion of the filing was drafted by generative artificial intelligence (such as ChatGPT, Harvey.AI, or Google Bard) or that any language drafted by generative artificial intelligence was checked for accuracy, using print reporters or traditional legal databases, by a human being. These platforms are incredibly powerful and have many uses in the law: form divorces, discovery requests, suggested errors in documents, anticipated questions at oral argument. But legal briefing is not one of them. Here’s why. These platforms in their current states are prone to hallucinations and bias. On hallucinations, they make stuff up—even quotes and citations. Another issue is reliability or bias. While attorneys swear an oath to set aside their personal prejudices, biases, and beliefs to faithfully uphold the law and represent their clients, generative artificial intelligence is the product of programming devised by humans who did not have to swear such an oath. As such, these systems hold no allegiance to any client, the rule of law, or the laws and Constitution of the United States (or, as addressed above, the truth). Unbound by any sense of duty, honor, or justice, such programs act according to computer code rather than conviction, based on programming rather than principle. Any party believing a platform has the requisite accuracy and reliability for legal briefing may move for leave and explain why. Accordingly, the Court will strike any filing from an attorney who fails to file a certificate on the docket attesting that the attorney has read the Court’s judge-specific requirements and understands that he or she will be held responsible under Rule 11 for the contents of any filing that he or she signs and submits to the Court, regardless of whether generative artificial intelligence drafted any portion of that filing. A template Certificate Regarding Judge-Specific Requirements is provided here.
SEC Charges Self-Proclaimed 'Queen of Mobile Homes' and Three Salespeople with Fraud in Mobile Home Investment Scheme (SEC Release)
https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2023/lr25739.htm
In the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, the SEC filed a Complaint https://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaints/2023/comp25739.pdf
charging Outstanding Real Estate Solutions, Inc. ("ORES"), its Chief Executive Officer and founder Chimene Van Gundy, and salespeople Michael Trofimoff, Santos Kidd, and Maria Tosta for their roles in an allegedly fraudulent mobile home investment scheme. As alleged in part in the SEC Release:
[B]etween at least June 2018 and November 2021, Van Gundy, the self-proclaimed "Queen of Mobile Homes," and her company, ORES, raised millions from investors while promising to use the funds to purchase, refurbish, and resell mobile homes. The complaint alleges that Van Gundy and ORES did not actually own hundreds of mobile homes that they claimed ORES purchased with investor funds. Rather than using investor funds as promised, the complaint alleges that Van Gundy and ORES made Ponzi-like payments to existing investors, paid undisclosed sales commissions, and funded Van Gundy's personal expenses. The complaint also alleges that Van Gundy, Trofimoff, Kidd, and Tosta acted as unregistered brokers, and made false and misleading statements or omissions to investors while offering and selling ORES mobile home investments.
The SEC’s complaint charges ORES and Van Gundy with violating the securities-registration provisions of Sections 5(a) and 5(c) of the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act). The complaint further charges ORES, Van Gundy, Trofimoff, and Kidd with violating the antifraud provisions of Section 17(a) of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) and Rule 10b-5 thereunder. The complaint also charges Tosta with violating Section 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act, and Van Gundy, Trofimoff, Kidd, and Tosta with violating the broker-registration provisions of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act. The SEC seeks permanent injunctions, disgorgement with prejudgment interest, and civil penalties against all defendants, and an officer-and-director bar against Van Gundy. Without admitting or denying the SEC’s allegations, Tosta has agreed to settle the charges against her, consenting to the entry of a final judgment that orders permanent injunctions, disgorgement and pre-judgement interest totaling $117,917.57, and a civil penalty of $60,000. Tosta’s settlement is subject to court approval.
Report on Use of 2022 Fine Monies (FINRA)
https://www.finra.org/about/annual-reports/report-use-2022-fine-monies
In part, the FINRA Report discloses that: .
FINRA issued $48.1 million in fines in 2022*, and the Board determined that there were $111.4 million in fines-eligible expenditures in 2022 (i.e., capital initiatives, strategic expenditures and other activities eligible to be funded by fine monies based on the criteria set forth above). Because the total of fines-eligible expenditures exceeded the amount of fines issued in 2022, the balance of $63.3 million was funded from FINRA’s reserves and excess operating results.
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*Note: The 2022 fine amount excludes disgorgement awards of $6.4 million, which are treated as fines in FINRA’s Annual Financial Report and contributed to the FINRA Investor Education Foundation once paid to FINRA.
NLRB General Counsel Issues Memo on Non-competes Violating the National Labor Relations Act (NLRB Release)
https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/nlrb-general-counsel-issues-memo-on-non-competes-violating-the-national
NLRB General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo sent a Memo to all Regional Directors, Officers-in-Charge, and Resident Officers, setting forth her view that the proffer, maintenance, and enforcement non-compete provisions in employment contracts and severance agreements violate the National Labor Relations Act except in limited circumstances.
https://apps.nlrb.gov/link/document.aspx/09031d4583a87168 As set forth in part in the NLRB Release:
The memo explains that overbroad non-compete agreements are unlawful because they chill employees from exercising their rights under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, which protects employees’ rights to take collective action to improve their working conditions. Specifically, these agreements interfere with employees ability to: 1. concertedly threaten to resign to secure better working conditions; 2. carry out concerted threats to resign or otherwise concertedly resign to secure improved working conditions; 3. concertedly seek or accept employment with a local competitor to obtain better working conditions; 4. solicit their co-workers to go work for a local competitor as part of a broader course of protected concerted activity; 5. seek employment, at least in part, to specifically engage in protected activity, including union organizing, with other workers at an employer’s workplace.
Former Wells Fargo Senior Executive Carrie Tolstedt Agrees to Settle SEC Fraud Charges for Misleading Investors About Abusive Sales Practices to Inflate a Key Performance Metric (SEC Release)
https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-99
Without admitting or denying the allegations in an SEC Complaint
https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2023/comp-pr2023-99.pdf, the former head of Wells Fargo & Co.’s Community Bank, Carrie L. Tolstedt agreed to a Final Judgment permanently enjoining her from violating, or aiding and abetting violations of, the antifraud and other provisions of the federal securities laws and imposing a permanent officer-and-director bar. In addition to a $3 million civil penalty, Tolstedt agreed to pay disgorgement of $1,459,076 plus prejudgment interest of $447,874. The SEC will combine this money with $500 million paid by Wells Fargo and the $2.5 million penalty paid by Stumpf in previous settlements and distribute the sum to harmed investors. Previously, the SEC settled related charges against Wells Fargo and its former CEO and Chairman, John Stumpf. As alleged in part in the SEC Release:
[F]rom mid-2014 through mid-2016, Tolstedt publicly described and endorsed Wells Fargo’s “cross-sell metric” as a means of measuring Wells Fargo’s financial success despite the fact that this metric was inflated by accounts and services that were unused, unneeded, or unauthorized. The complaint further alleges that Tolstedt knew the cross-sell metric did not accurately track accounts or products that customers needed or used, since she was aware of misconduct at the Community Bank that led to bankers pushing products on customers that they did not need or want, including the unauthorized opening of accounts. The complaint alleges that Tolstedt made misleading public statements to investors at Wells Fargo’s investor conferences in 2014 and 2016, and signed misleading sub-certifications as to the accuracy of Wells Fargo’s public disclosures when she knew or was reckless in not knowing that statements in those disclosures regarding Wells Fargo’s cross-sell metric were materially false and misleading.
SEC Settles IIIicit Trading Case Against Two Former Registered Representatives (SEC Release)
https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2023/lr25738.htm
In the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York Final Judgments were entered against Joshua W. Turney and Hector Perez (former registered representatives at New York broker-dealer Global Arena Capital Corp.). As alleged in part in the SEC Release:
[F]rom April through June 2015, defendants Jonah Engler, Barbara Desiderio, Turney, and Perez fraudulently schemed to conduct large-scale trading in certain Global Arena customer accounts without receiving authorization from those customers. The defendants' illicit trading allegedly took place in over 360 customer accounts, generated over $2.4 million in unlawful profits for Global Arena and ill-gotten gains for the defendants, and resulted in over $4 million in net losses for their customers. The SEC's complaint charged Turney and Perez with violating Section 17(a)(1) and (3) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rules 10b-5(a) and (c) thereunder.
Turney and Perez were charged criminally by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York, and each pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud. Turney was sentenced to two years' imprisonment followed by two years' supervised release, ordered to pay $5,295,868.12 in restitution, jointly and severally with Perez, and to forfeit $281,914. Perez was sentenced to two years' probation, ordered to pay $5,295,868.12 in restitution, jointly and severally with Turney, and to forfeit $137,275.
Turney and Perez consented to the entry of separate final judgments in the SEC action. Turney was ordered to pay disgorgement of $347,019.13 and prejudgment interest of $81,297.47. Perez was ordered to pay disgorgement of $137,275.26 and prejudgment interest of $32,159.94. The payments were deemed satisfied by the restitution order for Turney and the restitution and forfeiture orders for Perez, in the respective parallel criminal proceedings.
The Court in the SEC action previously entered partial consent judgments against Turney and Perez, permanently enjoining each of them from violating the Securities Act and Exchange Act antifraud provisions. For further information, see Litigation Release No. 24874 (Aug. 25, 2020). The SEC also recently concluded its litigation against Engler and Desiderio.
SEC Charges RTW Investments for Failing to Disclose SPAC-Related Conflicts of Interest (SEC Release)
https://www.sec.gov/enforce/34-97622-s
Without admitting or denying the findingsan SEC Order
https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2023/34-97622.pdf that the firm violated the antifraud and compliance provisions of Sections 206(2) and 206(4) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 206(4)-7 thereunder, and violated and/or caused violations of the beneficial ownership reporting provisions of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rules 13d-1 and 13d-2 thereunder, RTW Investments, LP agreed to a Cease-and-Desist Order, a Censure, and a $1.4 million civil penalty. As alleged in part in the SEC Release [Ed: special purpose acquisition companies ("SPACs") :
[RTW] formed multiple SPACs whose sponsors were owned both by RTW personnel and by private funds that RTW advised. The RTW personnel were entitled to a portion of the compensation the SPAC sponsors received upon completion of the SPACs' business combinations. The order finds that RTW invested assets of private funds it advised in certain transactions that helped complete the SPACs' business combinations and did not timely disclose these conflicts. In addition, the order finds that RTW failed to timely file accurate reports on Schedule 13G concerning the beneficial ownership of the common stock of a public company formed as a result of a SPAC business combination.
Former Coinbase Manager and His Brother Agree to Settle Insider Trading Charges Relating to Crypto Asset Securities (SEC Release)
https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-98
In the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, former Coinbase product manager Ishan Wahi and his brother, Nikhil Wahi entered into Final Consent Judgments that permanently enjoin them from violating Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder. In the criminal action, Ishan and Nikhil Wahi pled guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. Ishan Wahi was sentenced to 24 months in prison and ordered to forfeit 10.97 ether and 9,440 Tether, and Nikhil was sentenced to 10 months in prison and ordered to forfeit $892,500. As alleged in part in the SEC Release:
[W]hile employed at Coinbase, Ishan Wahi helped to coordinate the platform’s public listing announcements that included what crypto assets would be made available for trading. According to the complaint, Coinbase treated such information as confidential and warned its employees not to trade on the basis of, or tip others with, that information. However, from at least June 2021 to April 2022, in breach of his duties, Ishan repeatedly tipped the timing and content of upcoming listing announcements to his brother, Nikhil Wahi, and his friend, Sameer Ramani. Ahead of those announcements, which usually resulted in an increase in the assets’ prices, Nikhil Wahi and Ramani allegedly purchased at least 25 crypto assets, at least nine of which were securities, and then typically sold them shortly after the announcements for a profit. The Wahi brothers agreed, as part of the settlement, not to deny the SEC’s allegations.